India’s first dark sky reserve is set to come up in Hanle, Ladakh, by the end of the year. Jitendra Singh, minister of state for Science and Technology, said recently that this will also promote astronomy tourism.
What is a Dark Sky Reserve?
The International Dark Sky Association (IDSA) defines an international dark sky reserve (IDSR) as “a public or private land of substantial size (at least 700 km², or about 173,000 acres) possessing an exceptional or distinguished quality of starry nights and nocturnal environment, and that is specifically protected for its scientific, natural, educational, cultural heritage, and/or public enjoyment.”
A dark sky reserve requires a “core” area that has clear sky without any light pollution, which can enable telescopes to see the sky in its natural darkness. To support the core, it should be surrounded by a “peripheral” or “buffer” area that supports dark sky values in the core while receiving the same benefits.
How are dark sky reserves identified?
According to IDSA, it considers land suitable for dark sky sites only if it is on public or private land, is publicly accessible all or part of the year, protected for scientific, natural, educational, cultural, cultural and/or public purposes. The central part of the core offers exceptional dark sky resources compared to the communities and cities that surround it, and the core limits the brightness of the night sky to either reserves, parks, or sanctuaries.
The IDSR also needs to have a comprehensive lighting management plan (LMP) “which should be adopted by a sufficient number of communities within the entire IDSR (core and periphery) corresponding to at least 80 percent of population AND 80 percent of designated area of protection.”
It also needs a description of current and suspected future threats to dark skies over the core zone, and a plan to address these threats. This is particularly important as Hanle is particularly close to Chinese territories, which makes it highly sensitive.
The reserve must also submit a detailed annual report to IDA by October 1 each year.
Why Ladakh?
The Hanle Dark Sky Reserve (HDSR) will come up within the Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary, situated 4,500 metres above sea level, which makes it a perfect host for telescopes. Ladakh is also ideal for long-term observatories and dark-sky sites because of its large arid area, high elevation, and sparse population.
The Department of Science and Technology and Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) in Bengaluru are providing support for the facility. The IIA already manages the Indian Astronomical Observatory (IAO) complex in Hanle, Ladakh.
Here, scientists conduct astronomical observations using existing gamma-ray, infrared, and optical telescopes to study exoplanets, galaxies, and stars through Hanle’s skies.
The formal decision to establish the reserve was made by the officials of the IIA, Ladakh UT and Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council in June.
How many such reserves exist in the world?
A dark sky reserve is only one of the designations given by the IDSA, others being international dark sky parks, communities, reserves, sanctuaries, and urban night sky places. At present, there are 20 dark sky reserves around the world, seven in the United Kingdom; four in France; two each in the USA and Germany; and one each in New Zealand, Canada, Namibia, and Australia.
